Lubricating-packing.



W. H. ,DRURY. LUBBIGATING PACKING.

'APPLIOATION FILED MAY 1, 1911.

Patented Jan. 23, 1912.

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wwsses UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM H. DRURY, OF WALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGN OR TO JOSEPH S. STEARNS AND GEORGE P. DRURY, BOTH OF WALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS.

LUBRICATING-PACKING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 1, 1911.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. DRURY, a citizen of the United States, residing at VValtham, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Lubricating-Packing, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to the kind of lubricating packings wherein yarn massed in loose and open form is compounded with oil or other lubricant.

The mass of yarn in the invention is suitable by its composition, form, permeability,

resiliency and other properties for compounding with oil or other lubricant so as to produce a lubricating packing particularly well adapted for use in journal boxes of cars on railroads and electric railways, whereby to lubricate the journals of the cars. The mass of yarn bunched in loose and open form and compounded with lubricant constitutes a lubricating packing possessing and combiningsuperior absorbing and capillary properties, ready permeability and especial degree of elasticity or resiliency as compared with other lubricating packings. It resists pressure, and when the bunch is squeezed or compressed it tends to spring back to the form it had before the squeezing or pressure was applied. This element of elasticity or resiliency is a special feature in the packing of the invention, and is attained in conjunction with the other serviceable qualities of the packing by uniting unsized yarn with sized yarn in the mass of the packing, as hereinafter set forth. In one case the mass consists of yarn which has in its entirety a portion unsized, with which is united an independently-spun portion coated with sizing and covered up or hidden by the unsized portion, so that the whole is springy and wiry from the sizing on its independently-spun and hidden portion. An illustration is yarn weighing in its entirety six grains per yard, whose unsized portion weighs five grains per yard, and its sized and hidden portion one grain per yard. A strand thereof is in fact double, but looks as if single. In another case the mass consists of yarn which has in its entirety two or more such unsized portions twisted together, with which are united two or more corresponding independently-spun and hidden portions coated with sizing, so that the whole is also springy and wiry from the sizing on its independently-spun andhidden portions. An illustration is two-ply yarn weighing in its entirety twelve grains per yard, whose unsized portions weigh five grains per yard each, and its corresponding sized and hidden portions one grain per yard each. Such yarn is in fact quadruple, but looks as if composed of two unsized strands twisted together. In another case the mass consists of yarn of two or more ply, in which some of the strands are unsized and the rest sized, the two kinds being twisted together around each other, so that the whole is also springy and wiry from the sizing on its sized portion. And in another case the mass consists of unsized yarn and sized yarn which are only intermingled without being twisted together, so that the mass is springy or resilient from the sized yarn therein.

In the accompanying drawings Figure l is a view of one outer end of a trough to hold the sizing through which the sized portion of the yarn may run to be sized, and also shows a perspective view, partly in lengthwise axial section, of the yarn, which in this instance is core yarn, after the enveloping' fibers have been spun upon the sized portion. It also shows by dotted lines and otherwise the interior and other mechanism of the trough and their position. Fig. 2 is a side view of a mass of the yarnloose and open preliminary to compounding'it with lubricant for lubricating packing.

Yarn for the packing may be made in either of several ways.

1) It may be what is-called core yarn, which has the external characteristics of a single strand of spun yarn and is composed of a spun core and a fibrous envelop uniformly surrounding, and spun upon, the core, such as is the subject of my United States Patent No. 763,377, dated June 28, 1904. Machinery for making such yarn is the subject of my Patent No. 7 63,878 of thatdate. It may be made in the same way as the yarn of that patent, except that a trough containing liquid or glutinous' sizing is placed in position between the creel which holds the balls of core and the spinning straps between whose meeting surfaces the spinning of the enveloping fibers is done. In the drawings, Fig. 1 is shown a device suitable for the purpose. It is held in the position stated by any convenient means desired. The sheet-copper trough A is closed at each end by a cast-iron plate B to which are fastened the sides of the vertical channel in which slides the block and toothed rack E. This block is moved up or down by turning a crank C on the shaft M which runs ,the whole length of the trough, and carries a plug which has a ournal which runs in a bearing 1n said block E. H represents a pounded,

V gine,

.upper doffer steam pipe running the length of the trough for keeping the sizing hot. L, running the whole length of the trough, is a wiper to regulate the amount of sizing each strand of core I shall retain. The operator raises the roller G as high as suits by turning the crank C and puts the strands of core under said roller and over said glass rods. Then he lowers said roller which runs in the sizing. The roller is revolved by progressive action of the said strands. Although the core is coated with sizing, it takes some time for it tov harden, and, during the spinning of the enveloping fibers, the core is amply pliable and its suitableness for performlng its operations during the spinning process is not impaired by the sizing; but, after the spinning, the sized core hardens and stiflt'ens naturally or by special drying, with the result that any loose and open mass of the yarn has the muchdesired elasticity or resiliency for lubricating packing, and the lubricant with which the mass is com.- while readily permeating the enveloping fibers throughout the mass, does not affect the sized core in a way to make it limp or to impair the elasticity or resiliency of the mass, as the sizing used is such as not to be soluble with oil after the sizing hardens, and is such as to make the core wiry and springy without being unduly brittle. The sizing recommended will be mentioned later herein.

(2) What is known as the ordinary woolen system of making yarn consists in progressively removing sections of carded fibers from the ring doffers of a carding enrunning these sections between the condensing aprons of a condenser and rubbing and rolling them into strands of roving, winding the strands of roving upon a jackspool, and finally spinning the strands. on a mule. With but little variation that system may be readily adapted to making yarn of the present invention. The variation consists in stationing above the level of the and below that of the under doffer a creel holding balls of already-spun yarn, stationing intermediate between .the creel and the condensersuch a sizing trough as already described, conducting strands'ofthe already-spun yarn through the trough and guiding them by'means of eyes so that between the doffer and the condenser the strands will progress with the fibrous sections and be rolled up and rubbed and consolidated with and into the strands of composite roving, which are then wound upon the jackspool as aforesaid. The like of the foregoing has been done and is known in the art, except to size the already-spun yarn. Then these strands of composite roving are spun on a mule or other mechanism without subjecting them to draft, as draft would stretch, impair or break the already-spun strands in the roving. Yarn thus made is not core yarn in the strict sense, but vit is wiry, and a loose and open mass of it has the desired quality'of elasticity or resiliency for lubricating packing, and at the same time its heavier portion hasthe permeability before mentioned.

(8) Instead of spinning said strands of composite roving individually as aforesaid, two or more of them may be twisted together directly into one from the j ackspool and made into yarn by means of any suitable twister, and thus also may be made yarn which may be massed for the packing of the present invention.

(4L) Yarn may be made in either of the ways mentioned in foregoing paragraphs designated (1) and (2), without sizing the separately-spun portion at all, or it maybe made in any other suitable manner without, N any separately-spun portion at all, and one or more strands of unsized yarn made in any such manner may be combined with one or more strands of like yarn coated .with sizing. They may be combined with each other by twisting them together into yarn of two or more ply, some of which will be coated with sizing and the rest not. The yarn of two or more ply will be springy and wiry fromv the sizing in the sized portion, while the unsized portion will be permeable with lubricant. The unsized portion may be so much heavier than the sized portion that the quality of the combined yarn for absorbing and retaining lubricant will not, be detrimentally impaired, while the yarn as a whole will be springy and wiry, so that a loose and open mass thereof will have the desired permeability and elasticity or resiliency for lubricating packing. (5) Unsized yarn and sized yarn made in any manner may be merely intermingled in a loose mass composed of the two kinds without twisting them together into one, with the lengths of unsized yarn and ofv sized yarn crossing one another in many di- .125 rections and intertwining with one another.

In order to make sure that any such mass will be like every other, and that the'sized and unsized lengths may be properly arranged in the massrelatively to one another, 1

it is deemed preferable, before massing the yarn, to run a length of sized yarn alongside of any desired number of like lengths of unsized yarn, so that'when the lengths form a mass they will. be distributed throughout the mass to the best advantage. Sized leather yarn and fabrics made therefrom are the subject of a separate'application of this date, No. 624,47 5, filed May 1, 1911, allowedJune 14:, 1911. I

Any kind or mixture of fibrous material desired may be used for making the heavier portion of the yarn, but the material preferred is shredded leather mainly or a mixture of from 50 to 85 per cent..0f shredded leather with from 50 to 15 per cent. of cattle hair, because it has been found that lubrieating packing consisting of yarnmade of such mixture and massed in loose and open form and compounded with lubricant is exceptionally suitable for packing the journal boxes of cars on railroads and electric railways and for lubricating the journals of the car axles. Lubricating packing consisting of yarn made of such mixture and so massed and compounded is the subject of my United States Patent No. 1,001,371 of August 22, 1911. Yarn of the present invention made of such mixture and massed and compounded as aforesaid is an improvement upon the lubricating packing of that patent, and is distinguished therefrom by having a sized portion and by being for that reason more springy and wiry, so that the improved packing is more elastic or resilient, than the packing of said patent.

Any sizing may be used which will render the sized portion of the yarn springy and wiry and is not readily soluble with oil. The sizing recommended is a glutinous compound consisting of fish-glue melted, dilutedv and mixed with. water and thinned to a syrupy consistency like thin molasses. In that case the entire yarn will be springy and wiry and yet sufficiently bendable for lubricating packing when the sizing becomes dry and hard, and oil will readily saturate the unsized portion of the yarn without affecting the sized portion in a way to impair the elasticity or resiliency of a loose and open mass of the yarn. This sizing may be tempered with wax or other substance, if desired.

For lubricating packing the yarn may be arranged, massed, compounded and used the same as set forth in the said Patent No.

1,001,371. Before compounding the yarn for lubricating packing it is deemed preferable, before the sizing hardens, to crinkle it by running it between coarse fluted rolls, to cut it into lengths of 'about'one yard each, and to deliver these lengths into a receptacle slowly revolving on a perpendicular axis so as to cause the lengths to cross one another in many horizontal di- 'rections and to intert-Wine with each other in layers; all of which may be done in one continuous operation. It will be ready for compounding in the form of mass thus resulting, as soon as the sizing becomes hard..

The crinkly form will become set, and will remain set after the yarn is compounded with oil, and hence by reason of its form, combined with the sizing. in part of the yarn to keep it in form, a mass of the packing will be all the more permeable, and. elastic or resilient. The crinkling, however, is not necessary. In Fig. 2 of the drawings N represents as nearly as practicable a loose and open mass of the yarn to be compounded with lubricant for lubricating packing.

I am informed that curled hair and unsized yarn have been intermingled in loose and open-mass form for lubricating packing, whereby resiliency in the mass is pro duced from the springy quality of the curled hair. In the present invention the element of resiliency in the mass is obtained only by uniting unsized yarn with sized yarn in the ways hereinbefore set forth, whereby the resiliency may be of such degree as desired andis obtained cheaply, it is easy to distribute the unsized yarn and the sized yarn uniformly throughout the mass of the packing, and the sized yarn, no less than the unsized yarn, may be of such lengths as desired.

What is claimed as the invention is as follows:

1. Lubricating packing, consisting of composite yarnapart of which is unsized and part of which is sized so as to be springy or wiry from the sizing therein, the said unsized and sized parts being united together into one with the sized part hidden by the unsized part, such composite yarn being in loose and open mass form so that the mass will be porous and readily permeable with lubricant throughout and will be resilient from the springiness or wiriness of the sized part of the yarn in the mass, and the mass being compounded with lubricating material, substantially as set forth.

2. Lubricating packing, consisting of composite yarn part of which is unsized and part of which is sized so as to be springy or wiry from the sizing therein, the said unsized and sized parts being twisted together around each other, such composite yarn being in loose and open mass form so that the mass will be porous and readily permeable with lubricant throughout and will be resilient from the springiness or wiriness of the sized part of the yarn in the mass, and the mass being compounded with lubricating material, substantially as set forth.

3. Lubricating packing, consisting partly of lengths of unsized yarn readily permeable with lubricant and partly of lengths of meable yarn in loose and open mass form so that the unsized yarn in the mass will be readily permeable with lubricant throughout while the combined mass will be resilient from the springiness or wiriness of the sized yarn in the mass, and the mass being, compounded with lubricating material, substantially as set forth.

4- Lubricating packing, consisting of composite yarn part of which is unsized and composed mostly of shredded leatherand part of which is sized so as to be springy or wiry from the sizing therein, the said unsized and sized parts being united together into one with the sized part hidden by the unsized part, such composite yarn being in loose and open mass form so that the mass will be porous and readily permeable with lubricant and will be resilient from the springiness 0r wiriness 0f the sized part of the yarn in the mass, and the mass being compounded with lubricating material, sub-, stantially as set forth. 7

5. Lubricating packing, consisting of composite yarn part of which is unsized and composed mostly of shredded leather and part of which is sized so as to be springy or wiry from the sizing therein, the said unsized and sized parts being twist-ed together around each other, such composite yarn being in loose and open mass form so that the mass will be porous and readily permeable with lubricant throughout and will be resilient from the springiness or wiriness of the sized part of the yarn in the mass, and the mass being compounded with lubricating material, substantially as set forth.

6. Lubricating packing, consisting partly of lengths of unsized yarn composed mostly of shredded leather and readily permeable with lubricant and consisting partly of lengths of sized yarn springy or wiry from the sizing therein and unpermeable with lubricant, such lengths of unsized and permeable yarn being intermingled and combined among and withsuch lengths of sized and unpermeable yarn in loose and open mass form so that the uns-ized leather yarn in the mass will be readily permeable with lubricant throughout while the combined mass will be resilient from the springiness or wiriness of the sized yarn in the mass, and the mass being compounded with lubricating material, substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof I hereto set my hand in presence of two witnesses on April 29,

WILLIAM H. DRURYL Witnesses:

S. INEz STONE, HELEN I. CHELLIs.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G. 

